The world is a mysterious place, which gives Live Science plenty of fodder for our popularLife’s Little Mysteriesseries that runs every weekend. We’ve been writing mysteries since 2004, and we still haven’t run out of weird things to cover. Each mystery comes with a multitude of facts, likewhich animals are evolving the fastestandwhy Australia has so many venomous animals. Honestly, we could go on, but we’d have to link to our thousands of mysteries. So, for your geeking-out pleasure, we’ve pulled out 50 of the most impressive facts here.

1.Until the 1960s, researchers thought peoplelargely dreamed in black and white.

2.Pumpkins area type of berry(and a very big one).

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3.Evacuating your bowels stimulates the vagus nerve, which can lower your blood pressure and heart rate —no wonder it feels so good to poop.

4.Icelandused to be the only country in the world without mosquitoesbut that changed in October 2025.

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5. If a human could fly with wings, they wouldneed to have a wingspan of about 20 feet(6 m) to have any chance of gliding through the air.

6. Leaving the pit indoesn’t technically delay the browning process of an entire avocado; it just prevents oxygen from browning the bit underneath it.

7. At about 1,300 feet (400 m) below sea level, the banks of the Dead Sea are Earth’slowest point on dry land.

8. During the adolescent growth spurt, some teenagers can growas much as 4 to 5 inches(10 to 13 centimeters) in a single year.

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9. Black holes are dark because they trap light that crosses the event horizon, which means if you were to enter one,it would actually be extremely bright.

10. Your brain cantake 15 to 30 minutes to reach full cognitive capacity after you wake upa period known as “sleep inertia.”

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11. When sea levels were lower during the last ice age, North America and Asia werejoined by an enormous land bridge. A similar bridge enabled the ancestors ofTyrannosaurus rexto trek from Asia to North America around 68 million years ago.

12. Theslowest-moving land animalis likely the banana slug, which moves at the extremely leisurely pace of 0.006 mph (0.0096 km/h), or a tenth of an inch per second (2.7 millimeters per second). By comparison, the common garden snail glides along at a relatively speedy 0.03 mph (0.048 km/h), or half an inch per second (1.3 centimeters per second).

13. Although rare, in certain circumstances, women were allowed to compete as gladiators in ancient Rome, but there areno records of any of them dying in battle.

14. The sound of the supermassive black holes in the Perseus cluster burping out gaswould hit a low B flatsome 57 octaves below middle C.

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15. All newts are salamanders, butnot all salamanders are newts.

16. Even though the Colorado River toad releases the chemical 5-MeO-DMT — one of the most potent psychedelics around — from poison glands in its head,you can’t get high by licking it.

17. The 1883 eruption of Krakatau is often considered theloudest sound in historywith people 1,900 miles (3,000 kilometers) away hearing the blast.

18. The oldest known human in the genus Homo lived in Africa around 2.8 million years ago, but we’re not sure which species it is.

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19. Thelargest known prime numbercontains 41,024,320 digits.

20. Frogs breathe and drinkthrough their skin.

21. A bullet fired from a 223 Remington leaves the weaponat up to 2,727 mph (4,390 km/h)— fast enough to cover 11 football fields in a single second.

22. A turtle’s shell ismade of 50 bones.

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23. Despite what you may have seen in the movies,ancient Egyptians did not booby-trap the pyramids.

24. Theworld’s longest undersea section of a tunnelbelongs to the Channel Tunnel, which has a 23.5-mile (37.9 kilometers) underwater section connecting England and France.

25. Despite evidence to the contrary, Christopher Columbus continued to claim the lands he “discovered”were parts of Asialikely sohe’d get paid.

26. The primary mirror on the James Webb Space Telescopeis 21.3 feet(6.5 meters) in diameter, giving it a total collecting area of than 270 square feet (25 square m).

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27. As of March 2025, there were953 known natural satellites in the solar system(depending on your definition of a moon).

28. There are roughly 10,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000atoms in the observable universe.

29. It takes five to 10 years for a body in a coffinto completely decomposedown to a skeleton.

30. The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation is a web of ocean currents that loop through the Atlantic Ocean, moving 600 million cubic feet (17 million cubic meters) of water per second and 1.2 petawatts of heat — roughly thesame amount of heat put out by a million power plants running at the same time.

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31. The deepest place on Earth is the bottom ofthe Mariana Trenchwhich lies about 35,876 feet (10,935 meters) below the surface. That makes it about 7,000 feet (2,100 m) deeper than Mount Everest is tall.

32. Researchers have shown thatoctopuses can be fooled by a version of the “rubber hand illusion,” by stroking a real octopus arm hidden from view and a visible fake octopus arm at the same time. When the fake arm was pinched, the octopus reacted as if its own arm had been attacked — by changing color or pulling back.

33. The asteroid that wiped out the dinosaurshit Earth at 27,000 mph(43,000 km/h).

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34. Roughly half of all eukaryotic species on Earthare insects.

35. Mount Everest is only the tallest mountain by altitude, at 29,031.69 feet (8,848.86 m) above sea level. If youThe Peopleusio The People Tottman inactive volcano in Hawaii, from base to peak, it’s actually taller, at 33,497 feet (10,211 m) in altitude.

36. You’re likely to cry whenchopping an onion with a dull knifethan with a sharp one.

37. Antarctica became a continent around34 million years agoafter losing its land connections with Australia and South America.

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38. Jellyfish, sea anemones and hydrasdon’t have brainsyet they’re capable of surprisingly advanced behavior.

39. Kangaroos havethree vaginas.

40. Many shark species will become temporarily paralyzed if youturn them upside down.

41.The human heart has incredible staminabeating around 100,000 times and pumping roughly 2,500 gallons (9,500 liters) of blood daily, on average.

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42. Dragonflies are one ofnature’s most effective hunterscatching prey up to 97% of the time. By comparison, tigers have a success rate of only 10%.

43. Yes, some figsreally do have wasps in them.

44. Training OpenAI’s GPT-4 used an estimated 50 gigawatt-hours of energy —enough to power San Francisco for three days.

45. The oldest DNA sequenced from animals and plants is from2.4 million years ago.

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46. On average, a person produces about 30 to 91 cubic inches (500 to 1,500 cubic centimeters) of gas every day, regardless of their diet. Thankfully,over 99% of those gases are odorless.

47. A female puff adder holds the record for themost offspring born in one live-birth pregnancy— a whopping 156 fully developed snakelets.

48. The record for themost times a piece of paper has been folded in half is 12. If you were to fold it 42 times, it would be than 273,280 miles (439,800 kilometers) high — than the average distance between Earth and the moon.

49. It is possible to turn a different element into gold,just not a lot of it.

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50. The most-cited number of organs in the human body is 78, andthe heaviest organ is the skin.

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Looking for mysteries?

Here are some incredible stories fromLife’s Little Mysteries:

—Do humans and chimps really share nearly 99% of their DNA?

—Why do European cities have milder winters than those in North America, despite being at the same latitude?

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—Why does boiling water have bubbles, except in a microwave?